CBD ?

CBD: What is it and why is it important?

CBD, or cannabidiol, is one of more than 100 known cannabinoids found in hemp (Cannabis sativa). Unlike THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the psychoactive compound in cannabis, CBD does not cause intoxication or altered consciousness. Instead, it offers a wide range of well-being properties that have attracted widespread interest from researchers and consumers alike.

Chemical structure and origin of CBD

The chemical formula of CBD is C₂₁H₃₀O₂. It belongs to the terpenophenol group and is a lipophilic molecule, meaning it is highly soluble in fats and oils. In the plant, CBD acts as part of the hemp's natural defence system, protecting it from pests and UV radiation.

CBD was first isolated from hemp in the 1940s. It was isolated by American chemist Roger Adams in 1940, but its exact chemical structure was not determined until 1963 by Israeli scientist Raphael Mechoulam and his team. Mechoulam is often regarded as the "father of cannabinoid research" for his remarkable research.

Mechanisms of influence

CBD differs from THC in that it does not bind directly to CB1 or CB2 receptors in the body's endocannabinoid system. Instead, it acts indirectly by inhibiting the activity of the FAAH enzyme, thereby increasing levels of anandamide ("the happiness molecule"). CBD also affects other receptors, such as TRPV1 receptors, which regulate pain and temperature sensation.

Potential benefits

Pain relief

CBD's interaction with TRPV1 and other pain receptors makes it a promising option for chronic pain management. Preliminary studies suggest that CBD may help relieve both acute and chronic pain.

Regulation of inflammation

CBD has anti-inflammatory properties related to its ability to inhibit the activity of neurotransmitters that promote inflammatory responses. This makes it a potential option for the management of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions.

Neuroprotective effects

CBD has antioxidant properties that can protect nerve cells from oxidative stress. This is particularly important in the study of neurological diseases such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease.

Anxiety and depression relief

Research suggests that CBD may affect serotonin receptors, which are central to mood regulation. Preliminary results suggest that CBD may reduce anxiety and improve mood, but more clinical research is needed.

Antioxidant properties

CBD acts as an antioxidant, neutralising free radicals and protecting cells from damage. This makes it a valuable ingredient in skin care products that fight the signs of ageing.

Summary

CBD is a versatile and non-psychoactive compound that supports the body's natural balance and well-being. Its mechanisms of action extend beyond the endocannabinoid system to several other receptor systems, making it a natural and safe option for supporting well-being.

References

Mechoulam, R., & Gaoni, Y. (1963). A Total Synthesis of Dl-∆1-Tetrahydrocannabinol, the Active Constituent of Hashish. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 85(22), 3276-3278. doi:10.1021/ja00897a038

Pertwee, R. G. (2008) The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabivarin. British Journal of Pharmacology, 153(2), 199-215. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707442

Atalay, S., Jarocka-Karpowicz, I., & Skrzydlewska, E. (2019). Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol. Antioxidants, 9(1), 21. doi:10.3390/antiox9010021